When it comes to plumbing, there is one choice that homes in on the reliability of the plumbing system. At some point, you’ll need to decide between copper and galvanized steel pipes. Both options have been supplying homes with gas, water and getting rid of waste for decades, and yet they are completely opposites.
If you are changing out an old plumbing system or simply trying to decide on the material for a newly built home, it is important to understand the differences.
Galvanized Steel Water Pipes
Galvanized steel pipes are simply steel pipes covered in zinc. Zinc acts as armor, protecting the pipe from rust and corrosion, but it eventually wears away. Eventually, the zinc covering wears away. Once the zinc wears away, the steel underneath will start to rust, which can lead to reduced water flow, pollution and discoloration of water, and ultimately leaks.
Benefits of Galvanized Steel Water Pipes
There are some upsides to galvanized piping, ideally they can last up as long as 40 years. Galvanized pipes are fire-resistant and handle freezing temperatures better than some other materials. When they originally used these types of piping, it was at the time a much safer option than using lead pipes.
Disadvantages of Galvanized Steel Pipes
Galvanized pipes are prone to a higher level of corrosion, especially in hard water locations. The zinc layer eventually breaks down due to the high numbers of minerals (calcium and magnesium). Once the zinc layer breaks down, the steel is exposed to water, leading to rust, reduced water pressure, and possible contamination.
Galvanized pipes also have high maintenance overheads. Repairs and replacements will cost a lot and, as the pipes are generally older, your plumbers will usually just recommend you replace them.
Copper Water Pipes
Copper is a naturally occurring metal, which is strong and resistant to corrosion. It also does not leak anything into the water that is harmful. Copper pipes have been the standard in residential plumbing since the 1960’s.
Types of Copper Water Pipes
There are four types of copper pipes:
- Type K: Generally the heaviest and thickest copper pipe used for underground water service lines.
- Type L: Thinner than Type K and commonly used for residential cold and hot water service lines.
- Type M: The thinnest and cheapest copper pipe. Just remember, if it is very light and very cheap, it is going to only be used for light plumbing work and not the heavier plumbing work.
- DWV (Drain-Waste-Vent): Very thin and only used in drainage systems.
Benefits of Using Copper Water Pipes
There are many benefits that copper pipes have to offer. First, they are naturally corrosion resistant and with proper care, can last 50 years or more. Where galvanized piping contains lead, copper pipe does not and is therefore safe for drinking water. Copper material is antibacterial in nature, which can help prevent biofilm bacteria growth in copper pipes and reduce the potential for contaminants getting through clean water systems.
Copper pipes are lightweight, making them easier to install in tight spaces. They’re also recyclable, which makes them an eco-friendly choice.
Disadvantages of Copper Pipes
Cost will always be on the high side as piping and labor cost will be more than steel or galvanized pipe. You may also notice a metallic taste in your drinking water, especially from new copper pipe and if the water is a bit acidic.
Copper is resistant to corrosion, but it is not immune to damage from extreme weather. Copper pipes can burst in extremely cold temperatures.If condensation is a problem (and it can be), then the pipes need to be insulated.
Key Differences Between Copper and Galvanized Steel Pipes
- Material Composition
Copper pipes are a single metal with no coating, while galvanized steel pipes are steel pipes coated in zinc. This is partly what explains the differences in performance.
- Life Expectancy
Copper pipes typically outlast galvanized steel pipes. Copper’s life expectancy—from 50 years to more—down to the life expectancy of galvanized steel’s 30 to 40 years depending on water quality and moisture. In low-corrosive, low-moisture environments, a galvanized steel pipe could outlast its copper counterpart though.
- Corrosion Resistance
When it comes to corrosion, copper provides an inherent corrosion-resistant component. Galvanized steel is only zinc-coated protection and as the zinc coating wears off, then the steel will begin to rust.
- Water Quality
Copper piping provides cleaner drinking water. There is no leaching of harmful minerals, and biostatic properties help to prevent bacterial growth. Copper’s biostatic properties prevent bacterial growth, while older galvanized steel can discolor water and leach rust or sediment.
- Cost
Initial costs for galvanized pipe products and installation are cheaper for galvanized than copper. Over time, these products tend to accumulate maintenance costs, which is why copper is often smart money in the long run.
When to Choose Copper Piping
If you want a plumbing option to last or care about drinking water quality/safety in your home, copper is a fantastic option. It is also great for plumbing and drinking water systems in residential settings. Copper is also a great option for older homes with smaller spaces, as its thinner diameter makes installation easier in tight areas.
When to Choose Galvanized Steel Piping
Galvanized piping works well in situations other than potable water systems, such as sewage systems or industrial systems. This option is also good considering upfront costs if you need something that can withstand freezing conditions, fire exposure, or direct fire temperatures.
Galvanized piping should not be joined to copper piping without dielectric unions because you will have galvanic corrosion that will affect your potable water system. If you are using only galvanized plumbing, you will have to monitor for signs of rust/corrosion.
When You Should Replace Old Piping
- Rust coloring in your water.
- A decrease in water pressure.
- Frequent leaks or visible rust on piping.
What Material to Replace Old Piping With
Replacing old pipes with copper is almost always a smart choice. Copper is durable, reliable, and, when installed properly, can last for decades. It is a tough and trustworthy material and if installed properly, can last for many years. If the cost is a limiting factor, consider using copper for your drinking water lines and using other choices for non-potable or no-drinking water systems.
Conclusion
Ultimately, choosing between copper and galvanized steel piping depends on your specific needs and budget. Copper is safer for your health, resists corrosion better than steel, and ensures higher water quality. As far as money is concerned, galvanized steel piping is still cheaper than copper and makes it a better option for non-potable range systems.
